A macular hole is a small gap that forms in the centre of the retina, the part of the eye responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
It can cause blurred or distorted central vision, making reading or recognising faces difficult.
Macular holes are often treatable with surgery, and many patients experience significant improvement in vision afterward.
It can be diagnosed by an eye specialist with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan.
A macular hole is most commonly caused by age-related changes in the jelly inside the eye (the vitreous) pulling on the retina. It may start off as an area of vitreomacular adhesion, gradually progressed to vitreomacular traction, then a full-thickness macular hole.
Less commonly, it can develop after eye injury, severe short-sightedness, retinal disease, or previous eye surgery.
The main treatment for a macular hole is eye surgery called vitrectomy.
During surgery, the vitreous gel is removed and the hole is allowed to close, often with a temporary gas bubble placed in the eye to support healing.
Most macular holes can be successfully closed with surgery, especially when treated early, leading to improvement in vision.