Refractive Errors

Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is a common vision condition where distant objects appear blurry while near objects remain clear. It occurs when the eye is slightly longer than normal or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Myopia often begins in childhood or teenage years and can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive treatments to improve distance vision. 

Hyperopia, also known as long-sightedness, is a vision condition where distant objects may be seen more clearly than close ones, especially in younger people. It occurs when the eye is slightly shorter than normal or the cornea is too flat, causing light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it. This can lead to difficulty with near tasks, eye strain, headaches, or blurred vision, and it is commonly corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive treatment. 

Astigmatism is a common vision condition caused by an irregular shape of the cornea or lens, where the eye is more curved in one direction than the other. This uneven shape prevents light from focusing evenly on the retina, leading to blurred or distorted vision at both near and far distances. Astigmatism often occurs alongside myopia or hyperopia and can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive treatments.