Epiretinal membrane

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is caused by the formation of a thin layer of scar tissue on the surface of the retina, usually over the macula. This most commonly happens as part of normal ageing, when the gel inside the eye (vitreous) separates from the retina and triggers mild scarring.

Other causes and risk factors include:

• Previous eye surgery, especially cataract and vitrectomy surgeries

• Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)

• Retinal tears or retinal detachment

• Eye inflammation or infection

• Retinal blood vessel conditions (e.g. retinal vein occlusion)

• Diabetes or diabetic eye disease

• Eye trauma

When no treatment is needed

• If symptoms are mild or stable

• Vision is only slightly blurred or distorted
  In these cases, observation and regular monitoring are recommended.
  
  

When treatment is needed

• If vision becomes significantly blurred or distorted

• Difficulty reading, driving, or performing daily tasks
  
  

Surgical treatment

• Vitrectomy with membrane peel
  This is the definitive treatment for ERM. The vitreous gel is removed and the membrane (and often the inner limiting membrane) is carefully peeled off the retina to relieve traction.