Eyelid cancers

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) – Most common eyelid cancer: grows slowly and usually does not spread, often appearing as a pearly lump or ulcer on the lower lid or inner corner.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) – Less common but more aggressive than BCC: may grow faster and has a higher risk of spreading.

Melanoma – Rare but potentially life-threatening; usually presents as a pigmented (dark) lesion with irregular borders.

Sebaceous gland carcinoma – Rare but serious: arises from oil glands of the eyelid and can mimic benign conditions like a chalazion or chronic eyelid inflammation.

Merkel cell carcinoma – Very rare and aggressive: typically appears as a rapidly growing, painless red or purple lump.

• Watch for new or changing skin lesions, especially ones that grow, change colour, bleed, or do not heal

• Look for non-healing sores or scaly patches that persist for more than a few weeks

• Check for lumps or ulcers on the eyelids, lash loss, or chronic redness or irritation around the eyes

• Follow the ABCDE rule for pigmented lesions:
  
  

  • Asymmetry

  • Border irregularity

  • Colour variation

  • Diameter increasing

  • Evolving or changing
    
    

• Protect your skin from sun exposure by wearing sunglasses, hats, and using sunscreen

• Have regular skin and eye checks, especially if you have fair skin, a history of sun exposure, or previous skin cancers

If you notice any suspicious or persistent changes, seek medical or ophthalmic assessment early, as early detection leads to better outcomes.

Treatment for eyelid cancers depends on the type of cancer, its size, location, and whether it has spread.

• Surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment, aiming to completely excise the cancer while preserving eyelid function and appearance.

• Reconstructive eyelid surgery is often performed at the same time to restore normal eyelid shape and protect the eye.

• Radiotherapy may be used in selected cases, particularly if surgery is not suitable or if cancer margins are uncertain.

• Additional treatments (such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or further surgery) may be required for aggressive or advanced cancers like melanoma or sebaceous carcinoma.

Early diagnosis and treatment usually result in excellent outcomes, which is why prompt assessment of suspicious eyelid lesions is important.